Pests Guide

Mealybugs

Look for small insects covered in white, cotton-like wax, often in leaf axils, along stems or around roots. Remove small infestations carefully with a cotton swab or soft brush and inspect the plant again over the following weeks. Root mealybugs may require removing the compost and checking the root system.

Scale insects

Scale often appears as fixed brown, tan or pale bumps on stems and leaves. Check whether the bumps can be gently lifted and inspect nearby plants. Remove individual insects where practical and repeat inspections because young crawlers may be difficult to see.

Aphids

Aphids cluster on soft new growth and flower buds. They may cause distorted leaves and sticky residue. A gentle water rinse or careful manual removal can help small infestations; protect delicate plants and avoid waterlogging the compost.

Spider mites

Possible signs include fine speckling, dull leaves and very fine webbing. They are tiny and may be easiest to spot with a magnifier. Isolate the plant, inspect nearby plants and use a treatment specifically labelled for the plant and pest if needed.

Fungus gnats

Small dark flies around pots can be associated with persistently damp compost. Allow the surface to dry as appropriate for the plant, improve drainage and remove decaying plant material. Seedlings and moisture-loving species need different moisture levels, so do not let the compost dry out indiscriminately.

Prevention and treatment

• Quarantine new plants and check them before placing them near established plants.
• Inspect leaf undersides, stem joints, growing tips and roots.
• Clean pots, benches and tools, and remove dead leaves.
• Identify the pest before choosing a treatment; follow the product label and local rules.
• Test any spray on a small area first. Some products can damage succulent leaves, especially in hot sun.
• Keep children and pets away from treatments as directed on the label.